If you run into problems, you need to reread the article even more carefully and then do it thrice more for good measure. You need to read everything in this article before proceeding. Succeeding at operating systems development requires becoming an expert, having patience, and reading all the instructions very carefully. Windows users should be able to complete it from a WSL, MinGW, or Cygwin environment. This article assumes you are using a Unix-like operating system such as Linux which supports operating systems development well. The ELF as the executable format that gives us control of where and how the kernel is loaded.The GRUB bootloader to bootload your kernel using the Multiboot boot protocol that loads us into 32-bit protected mode with paging disabled.The C programming language (or optionally C++) to write the high level parts of your kernel.The GNU Compiler Collection to compile your high level code into assembly.The GNU Assembler from Binutils (or optionally NASM) to assemble instructions into object files containing machine code.The GNU Linker from Binutils to link your object files into the final kernel.This tutorial uses existing technology to get you started and straight into kernel development, rather than developing your own programming language, your own compiler, and your own bootloader. This process is known as cross-compiling and it is the first step in operating systems development. Today, you will simply set up a system that can compile your new operating system from an existing operating system. This is a process known as bootstrapping or going self-hosted. ![]() Perhaps one day, your new operating system can be developed under itself. ![]() You are about to begin development of a new operating system. Beware of the many other tutorials available online as they do not follow modern advice and were written by the inexperienced. These instructions are community reviewed and follow the current recommendations for good reasons. This tutorial serves as an example of how to create a minimal system, but not as an example of how to properly structure your project. This is the first step in creating your own operating system. ![]() In this tutorial you will write a simple kernel for 32-bit x86 and boot it.
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